Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy

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Term2.png BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
Classification of the different objectives and skills that educators set for learners. It is a hierarchical classification, which means that learning at higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels. It divides educational objectives into three domains, namely Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. Each domain is further divided into sub-categories.

In Bloom’s Taxonomy[1], the Cognitive domain relates to knowledge and intellect while the Affective domain deals with values and perception, and the Psychomotor domain focuses on developing or acquiring skills. One of the goals of the taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.

See also: A.D.D.I.E Model; Learning Objectives
Domain Sub-categories What Learners Do
Cognitive

(intellectual skills)

  • Knowledge
  • Comprehension
  • Application
  • Analysis
  • Synthesis
  • Evaluation


  • Remember
  • Understand
  • Apply
  • Analyze
  • Evaluate
  • Create
  • Recall information
  • Recall and interpret information
  • Use abstract information in concrete situations
  • Divide information into constituent parts
  • Build a structure or pattern from many disorganized elements
  • Assess the value of information


  • Retrieve from memory
  • Make sense of information
  • Use information that is learned
  • Use mental processes to differentiate between parts of information and determine connections
  • Interpret and reason to determine implications and make recommendations
  • Combine parts to form a whole/new configuration
Affective

(emotional areas)

  • Receiving
  • Responding
  • Valuing
  • Organization
  • Characterization or internalization
  • Be willing to hear and be open to experience
  • React
  • Attach values to a particular object or behaviour
  • Prioritize values and adapt behaviour to value system
  • Integrate values into a philosophy of life
Psychomotor

(manual or physical skills)

  • Reflex
  • Fundamental movements
  • Perceptual abilities
  • Physical abilities
  • Skilled movements
  • Non-discursive communication [2]
  • Involuntary movements
  • Movements typical of young children
  • Distinguish
  • Change speed or direction of movements
  • For example: swim
  • For example: mime


Link icon.png Web Resources
Below you have a list of resources that provide additional information on different aspects of Bloom’s Taxonomy.
Link Content
Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives/Erudium website Keywords and activities related to categories in the cognitive domain. The activities mentioned may be taken into consideration when designing a course. The website is available also in French.
Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains: Design and Evaluation Toolkit for Training and Learning Activities to be trained for each domain, as well as demonstration and evidence to be measured.



References

  1. ↑ Anderson and Krathwohl (2000) provide a slightly different interpretation of the kind of thinking involved at each stage, as learning progresses from lower to higher levels. Since ‘thinking’ is an action, the progression in learning is shown by using verbs instead of nouns
  2. ↑ www.ec.europa.eu (7 March 2008), www.nwlink.com (22 April 2010), www.learningandteaching.info (22 April 2010)
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