Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy

The process begins by gathering Data, at the first level, which is then processed to form Information at the second level. When this Information is examined or considered it takes the form of Knowledge, at the third level, and the creation of Knowledge leads to acquiring Wisdom at the fourth or topmost level. Data, forming the base of the hierarchy, can be compiled either manually or through automated systems and value is added to these inputs by interpreting and converting them into a useable and meaningful format termed as Information. When Information is applied in a particular situation and converted to expertise it comes to be defined as Knowledge. Wisdom is found at the pinnacle of the DIKW hierarchy and differs from data and information, both of which can be harnessed, and also from knowledge which can be shared. Wisdom is more abstract as it is something intrinsic and is typically an accumulation of values, judgements, prior experience or interpretations.