VAK Learning (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic)

• Visual-linguistic
  • Learners like to learn by writing things down in their own words
• Visual-Spatial
  • Learners understand better with the use of mind maps, symbolic representations, and drawings to depict views on reality and history
  • Learners tend to remember faces and places by using their imagination, seldom getting lost in new surroundings

• Learners engage better during lecture discussion
• Learners respond to story-telling
• Learners often talk to themselves, and read out loud
• Learners may find it helpful to: tape lectures and listen later; listen to a podcast of a recorded lecture/programme; have discussions with other learners; tutor other students to reinforce learning; participate in group discussions

• Learners learn best by doing things such as taking a walk while they are studying information
• Learners do well in a hands-on environment
• Learners underline or highlight texts with different colours
• Learners respond to photographic images, movies, videos, and YouTube clips
• Learners enjoy role-play scenarios

Note for instructors: You have the opportunity to try out all kinds of activities to reach the preferred learning styles of all learners

Visual learners

• Provide lots of written materials, and give exercises that require writing and note taking
• Use visuals and graphics to present and organize information (charts, graphs, post-it notes, posters, flash-cards, diagrams, illustrations, pictures, coloured pens and paper, mind-maps, spidergrams)
• Write key words on flip chart paper and ask learners to write responses
• Invite visual learners to be group recorders

Auditory learners

• Best way to teach an auditory learner is to say it; state the information
• Ask learners to describe specific information
• Provide discussion periods for learners
• Encourage questions and foster small group participation
• Use auditory activities (brainstorming, buzz groups, debriefing, reading out loud, oral revisions, stories, anecdotes, jokes, rhymes, jingles, rap, poems, songs)

Kinesthetic learners

• Plan activities that make learners move (group work, role-plays, field trips)
• Initiate activities that make learners use their hands (move and organize post-its, highlight text, make models, transfer text from one medium to an other)
• Encourage underlining and highlighting key words and taking notes
• Put theory into practice
• Provide real-life simulation situations
• Use lots of examples, case studies, and ways of application
• Build-in planned physical breaks^[1]