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{{Term|COGNITIVISM|The theory of cognitivism incorporates mental structure and processes into learning theories. According to this theory learning occurs when learners are able to add concepts and ideas to their knowledge by recognizing a relationship between something they already know and what they are learning. The focus of cognitivism emphasizes the internal processes and structures inferred through the observation of behavior. Knowledge can be transferred from the outside of the mind to its inside, and is related to the mental processes concerning how the integration and retrieval of information is operated. Learning is seen as a willful activity, requiring attention and energy. As a result, issues of perception, techniques of gathering learner attention, and motivating learners are central.<ref>[http://www.personal.psu.edu www.personal.psu.edu] (5 March 2008), [http://www.learningguru.com www.learningguru.com] (5 March 2008), Designing Successful E-Learning. Allen’s M. (2007)</ref>




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